(Answered) 6 Academy of Management Perspectives E X C H A February N G E International Happiness: A New View on the Measure of Performance by David G....

6 Academy of Management Perspectives E X C H A February N G E International Happiness: A New View on the Measure of Performance by David G....

From the three happiness articles, discuss the following questions:1. How would you define happiness? How does happiness affect us in general? What is the difference between Subjective and Objective well being? 2. Can happiness be accurately measured? Discuss how it has been measured in any one of these articles? What could be your suggested improvements (you can take thoughts from the articles)?3. Typically, how do college students responded to happiness questions? Where does a typical American stand on the happiness value?4. If happiness score is higher in US, than say in India, one infers that Indians are much less happier; how would you critic, comment, or challenge such conclusion?5. What relevant marketing research questions be developed from these articles?
EXCHANGE

 

International Happiness:

 

A New View on the Measure of Performance

 

by David G. BlanchFower and Andrew J. Oswald

 

Executive Overview

 

This paper describes the findings from a new, and intrinsically interdisciplinary, literature on happiness and

 

well-being. The paper focuses on international evidence. We report the patterns in modern data, discuss

 

what has been persuasively established and what has not, and suggest paths for future research. Looking

 

ahead, our instinct is that this social science research avenue will gradually merge with a related

 

literature—from the medical, epidemiological, and biological sciences—on biomarkers and health. Nev-

 

ertheless, we expect that intellectual convergence to happen slowly.

 

“Measures of both objective and subjective well-being pro-

 

vide key information about people’s quality of life. Statistical

 

offices should incorporate questions to capture people’s life

 

evaluations, hedonic experiences and priorities.”

 

—Stiglitz et al. (2009, p. 16)

 

S

 

tandard indices of a country’s prosperity

 

—

 

such

 

as longevity, human height, the incidence of

 

disease, the suicide rate, and the level of gross

 

domestic product (GDP)

 

—

 

are well known and

 

widely collected. Governments throughout the de-

 

veloped nations, and in many developing nations,

 

regularly publish such numbers. Yet if they are to do

 

their job effectively, politicians and policy makers

 

arguably have to go beyond this. They must under-

 

stand, and measure, the happiness and mental

 

health of their country’s citizens, because it is overall

 

human well-being (not simply a collection of its

 

constituent elements) that is of interest.

 

The last few decades have seen a body of re-

 

searchers attempt to rise to the difficult challenge of

 

how to study “happiness” in a systematic, empirical

 

way. These scholars come from a range of disciplines,

 

including psychology, economics, epidemiology,

 

medicine, statistics, sociology, political science, and

 

management science. Although their methodologi-

 

cal approaches differ in detail (moreover, researchers

 

in one discipline are not always good at citing related

 

work in the journals of the other disciplines, so

 

different subfields sometimes lay claim to having

 

discovered results first), a common methodology has

 

begun to emerge.

 

This article describes the core findings from the

 

recent happiness literature.

 

1

 

One approach for a

 

For suggestions and valuable discussions, we thank Gordon D. A.

 

Brown, Rafael Di Tella, Amanda Goodall, Robert MacCulloch, Nick

 

Powdthavee, Eugenio Proto, Daniel Sgroi, and Steve Wu.

 

1

 

Contributions from psychologists, economists, and other investigators

 

include Easterlin (1974), Clark and Oswald (1994), Diener et al. (1995a,b),

 

Ng (1997), Oswald (1997), Judge et al (1998), Veenhoven (1999), Argyle

 

(2001), Di Tella (2001), Radcliff (2001), Frey and Stutzer (2002), Easterlin

 

(2003), Huppert and Whittington (2003), Wolfers (2003), Blanchflower

 

and Oswald (2004, 2008a), Kahneman et al. (2004), Van Praag and

 

Ferrer-I-Carbonell (2004), Graham (2005), Luttmer (2005), Steptoe,

 

Wardle, and Marmot (2005), Gilbert (2006), Welsch (2006), Grant, Chris-

 

tianson, and Price (2007), Dolan, Peasgood, and White (2008), Napier and

 

Jost (2008), Powdthavee (2008), Stevenson and Wolfers (2008), Graham

 

(2009), Daly and Wilson (2009), Devoe and Pfeffer (2009), Luechinger

 

(2009), Daly et al. (2010), Judge, Ilies, and Dimotakis (2010), Pittau, Zelli,

 

and Gelman (2010), Powdthavee (2010), Pfeffer (2010), Stone et al.

 

(2010), Bell and Blanchflower (2010), and Oswald and Wu (in press). A

 

historian’s perspective is provided by Offer (2006).

 

*

 

David G. Blanchfower

 

([email protected]) is the Bruce V. Rauner ProFessor oF Economics at Dartmouth College.

 

Andrew J. Oswald

 

([email protected]) is Dean For Research in the Warwick Business School at the University oF Warwick.

 

6

 

±ebruary

 

Academy of Management

 

Perspectives

 

Copyright by the Academy of Management; all rights reserved. Contents may not be copied, e-mailed, posted to a listserv, or otherwise transmitted without the copyright holder’s express written

 

permission. Users may print, download, or e-mail articles for individual use only.

 

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